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This example demonstrates advanced RBAC scope patterns including global scopes, per-resource scopes, and wildcards.
1

Create a Python file

advanced_scopes.py
import os
from datetime import UTC, datetime, timedelta

import jwt
from agno.agent import Agent
from agno.db.postgres import PostgresDb
from agno.models.openai import OpenAIResponses
from agno.os import AgentOS
from agno.os.config import AuthorizationConfig
from agno.tools.hackernews import HackerNewsTools

JWT_SECRET = os.getenv("JWT_VERIFICATION_KEY", "your-secret-key-at-least-256-bits-long")

db = PostgresDb(db_url="postgresql+psycopg://ai:ai@localhost:5532/ai")

# Create multiple agents with different capabilities
web_search_agent = Agent(
    id="web-search-agent",
    name="Web Search Agent",
    model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5.2"),
    db=db,
    tools=[HackerNewsTools()],
    markdown=True,
)

analyst_agent = Agent(
    id="analyst-agent",
    name="Data Analyst Agent",
    model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5.2"),
    db=db,
    markdown=True,
)

admin_agent = Agent(
    id="admin-agent",
    name="Admin Agent",
    model=OpenAIResponses(id="gpt-5.2"),
    db=db,
    markdown=True,
)

# Create AgentOS with RBAC
agent_os = AgentOS(
    id="my-agent-os",
    name="Production AgentOS",
    agents=[web_search_agent, analyst_agent, admin_agent],
    authorization=True,
    authorization_config=AuthorizationConfig(
        verification_keys=[JWT_SECRET],
        algorithm="HS256",
    ),
)

app = agent_os.get_app()


def create_token(user_id: str, scopes: list[str], hours: int = 24) -> str:
    """Helper function to create JWT tokens."""
    return jwt.encode(
        {
            "sub": user_id,
            "scopes": scopes,
            "exp": datetime.now(UTC) + timedelta(hours=hours),
            "iat": datetime.now(UTC),
        },
        JWT_SECRET,
        algorithm="HS256",
    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 1. ADMIN - Full access to everything
    admin_token = create_token("admin_user", ["agent_os:admin"])

    # 2. POWER USER - Global access to all agents
    power_user_token = create_token(
        "power_user",
        ["system:read", "agents:read", "agents:run", "sessions:read", "sessions:write"],
    )

    # 3. LIMITED USER - Only specific agents
    limited_user_token = create_token(
        "limited_user",
        [
            "agents:web-search-agent:read",
            "agents:web-search-agent:run",
            "agents:analyst-agent:read",
            "agents:analyst-agent:run",
        ],
    )

    # 4. READ-ONLY USER - Can view but not run
    readonly_user_token = create_token(
        "readonly_user",
        ["agents:*:read", "system:read"],
    )

    # 5. WILDCARD USER - Can run any agent
    wildcard_user_token = create_token(
        "wildcard_user",
        ["agents:read", "agents:*:run"],
    )

    print("1. ADMIN (full access):", admin_token[:50] + "...")
    print("2. POWER USER (global access):", power_user_token[:50] + "...")
    print("3. LIMITED USER (specific agents):", limited_user_token[:50] + "...")
    print("4. READ-ONLY USER (view only):", readonly_user_token[:50] + "...")
    print("5. WILDCARD USER (run any):", wildcard_user_token[:50] + "...")

    agent_os.serve(app="advanced_scopes:app", port=7777, reload=True)
2

Set up your virtual environment

uv venv --python 3.12
source .venv/bin/activate
3

Install dependencies

uv pip install -U agno openai pyjwt "fastapi[standard]" uvicorn sqlalchemy pgvector psycopg
4

Export your OpenAI API key

export OPENAI_API_KEY="your_openai_api_key_here"
5

Setup PostgreSQL Database

docker run -d \
  --name agno-postgres \
  -e POSTGRES_DB=ai \
  -e POSTGRES_USER=ai \
  -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=ai \
  -p 5532:5432 \
  pgvector/pgvector:pg17
6

Run the AgentOS

python advanced_scopes.py
7

Test Different Access Levels

# Limited user sees only 2 agents (not admin-agent)
export LIMITED_TOKEN="<limited_user_token>"
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $LIMITED_TOKEN" http://localhost:7777/agents

# Read-only user cannot run agents (403 Forbidden)
export READONLY_TOKEN="<readonly_user_token>"
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $READONLY_TOKEN" \
  -F "message=test" http://localhost:7777/agents/web-search-agent/runs

# Wildcard user can run any agent including admin-agent
export WILDCARD_TOKEN="<wildcard_user_token>"
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $WILDCARD_TOKEN" \
  -F "message=Hello" http://localhost:7777/agents/admin-agent/runs